How To Remember Erik Erikson’s StagesHow To Remember Erik Erikson’s Stages
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development, first published in 1950, described stages of development eight stages that a person has to go through to achieve health. Each stage brings about a crisis that either weakens or strengthens personality. This theory is based upon Freud’s psychosexual stages, as well as social influences. It has been criticized due to its generalizations, yet it continues to play an important part in psychology. It has also proved useful in changing the way we think of middle and late adulthood as times of personal development, rather than the time to live through.
The infancy stage is the beginning that lasts about 18 months. At this point infants are dependent on their caregivers. They gain trust through seeing their caregivers’ response to their needs such as feeding or providing comfort. This is crucial for the building of self-esteem and a confidence.
The toddler stage is Erikson’s second phase of psychosocial development. It takes place between 18 months and 2 years. This is the time when the child’s sense of independence is developed. The way they succeed or fail of this development process will have profound impact on the development of their personality. The child who fails to overcome their feelings of shame and doubt will have to struggle with the issues for the rest of their lives. If children are able to successfully complete this stage, they can form intimate friendships later on in their lives.
The third phase of Erikson’s theory is called preschool which takes place between three and five years old. At this stage children are learning how to interact with others and build confidence in themselves. Teachers and parents need to encourage positive relationships with children during this age. The positive interactions help to increase the independence of the child while also providing guidance and encouragement for their efforts. Negative behavior, such as negativity or indifference, could damage a child’s confidence and self-esteem.
Elementary school is the fourth stage of Erikson’s theory and is a period between 6 and 12 years of age. It is during this time that a child begins to feel pressure from others like teachers and their peers. It is at this stage when a child is beginning to gain a sense of industry or their ability achieve objectives and goals. Teachers who praise and encourage their students can help them build a sense of confidence and confidence, and they will not have the urge to compare their abilities to other students.
As they reach middle age, many people start to think about their mortality. People may also experience a sense of regret for the things they did or didn’t do. If one is able to conquer the obstacles of this stage then they’re likely to enjoy a fulfilling and prosperous retirement. However, if they don’t overcome these challenges in time, they may face the onset of a midlife crisis, which could lead to serious mental health issues.